Simon Marcus Gower, Contributor, Jakarta
Wed, 08/27/2008 10:29 AM
Education is an area of human development that is seemingly forever the subject of debate, discussion and even outright conflict and enmity about what works and what does not. Theories are developed and either accepted or sometimes discredited. Policies and practices are applied that may or may not meet with success.
One thing that largely remains constant, though, to all this debate, discussion, theorizing and practicing is the pursuit of a better, more suitable way of educating. Times change and so too, then, do educational needs. One only needs to think of technological development to recognize this.
What was effective and standard practice in teaching and learning yesteryear may now be simultaneously irrelevant and ineffectual and so redundant. Times have significantly changed in and for Indonesia and its education provision, although it sadly has to be admitted that many, many schools across Indonesia are effectively lagging behind the times.
But changes have certainly come, continue to be arrived at and indeed are sought. A particularly significant change is the manner in which schools and schooling is being internationalized. This leads to changes in practices, procedures and philosophy.
This is perhaps most directly and obviously represented by the significant number of both international and national plus schools that have come into existence relatively recently.
Such schools, although significantly residing in the private sector, are creating a more internationalized context for education right here within Indonesia. Indonesian teachers, education administrators and indeed students and their parents are gaining exposure to and experience of international models of education.
But this internationalization of education is not solely limited to such private sector schools. Public sector schools too are now offering international courses of study leading to international qualifications. Public schools have increasing participation in and delivery of international curricula.
These schools are offering programs such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (or IGCSE) which is sourced from Cambridge in the United Kingdom and so, as Indonesian schools, have to develop the capacity and capability to actually deliver such programs.
This very directly and explicitly means that Indonesian schools now have to examine and pursue international standards of education and this is no small task and challenge.
From the provision of adequate and acceptable facilities such as science laboratories and suites of computers through to possessing a sufficiently trained and qualified staff of teachers, the challenge that accompanies becoming international can be onerous but it is a good onus.
Also, accompanying educational change to become international is the challenge of bilingual education. As the majority of international programs of education utilize English as their medium of instruction and general response from students, there is a need to develop greater competencies in the English language.
This means that Indonesian students genuinely do need to develop a level of working and practical bilingualism. The kinds of tasks and activities that they will be required to perform and achieve in international programs of education demand higher level skills and abilities within the language.
Conversational English is simply not sufficient here. Students need to have the ability to listen and take copious notes, write essays and exam answers in flowing and articulate prose, make presentations and speak intelligibly and intelligently to show and communicate their thoughts.
All of these higher level language skills can prove challenging but the good news is that there are clear signs that Indonesian students are coping with these language challenges. It seems that with the growth in international and national plus schools, many more Indonesian students are attaining higher levels of proficiency and acumen to handle academic tasks in English.
Students can, then, be seen to be growing into the more international context for education to be encountered within Indonesian borders. The same may also be said for a number of teachers within Indonesia, and the more teachers that can benefit from such international exposure the better.
For teachers as well as students, international programs of education can set a different tone and a different manner in which education is both managed and delivered. Perhaps one of the most striking differences can be the ways in which students are assessed and indeed challenged to perform.
The idea of students being relatively passive receivers of education that is largely diluted down into information and facts that require memorization is largely cast out within international programs of education.
This represents significant change in educational philosophy and goals. The student, in this context, is viewed and indeed required to be much more of a participant in his or her own education. Quite robotic and relatively thoughtless following of the textbook and/or teacher is not the goal.
Students are required to be much more active and thoughtful. Their ability to analyze, interpret, challenge, critique and generally show originality and independence of thought is much the more desired outcome.
This too imposes requirements of teaching staff. They cannot be the impassive, distant and disdainful mere imparters of quite static information, as perhaps they have previously been. They too must be learners.
This may not always be a comfortable notion for a person who somewhat proudly may claim the title of teacher but the role of the teacher too is a changing one as educational change and adaptation occurs.
Naturally, the teacher needs to hold a sound knowledge of his/her subject but the teacher must also be an inquiring and inquisitive spirit. The teacher in this context needs to be a person that has a curiosity and a thirst for new knowledge.
There may be cultural influences and traditional ways of thinking about the role of the teacher and education generally but for educational change and development to occur and prove beneficial, cultural and traditional predilections need to be overcome.
Indonesian education is showing clear signs of change and Indonesian people often show a willingness to adapt and respond to new ways. These are things that need to be accepted and promoted. Those that resist change and cannot contemplate adaptation are consigning themselves and others to irrelevance and incapacity.
Source: The Jakarta Post
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/08/27/
growing-internationalism-indonesian-education.html
Kamis, 07 April 2011
Entrepreneurship: More than just self-employment
Entrepreneurship: more thaMore than just self-employment
Sandiaga Uno
Wed, 01/07/2009 4:04 PM
Four years ago I wrote an article, ?Wealth is a mindset, so is entrepreneurship?, which was published at The Jakarta Post. The gist of that piece was that an authentic and effective entrepreneur was not someone who just had a talent and ran with it. Neither was entrepreneurship about what you do or for whom. It stems from what you think of yourself.
We make assumptions about wealth. For instance, pursuing it means accumulating its symbols, such as money or assets. That ? a confining assumption. Being a wealthy person is actually about knowing what we can do and getting the most out of that capacity. When we think of wealth this way, we look for the most in ourselves and from ourselves and, like as not, end up achieving beyond what we thought was possible.
Now, four years on, entrepreneurship has become a viral idea, spreading to everyone it touches. But I am seeing some fundamental misunderstandings abut it, especially among young people. Mistakes happen when any fad spreads rapidly, so misunderstandings are, well, understandable. But addressing these misunderstandings is still a priority.
First, I want to set the record straight and warn the younger generation. All you newly employed college graduates, we don?t become entrepreneurs simply by leaving our current jobs or, for that matter, our present bosses. We can still behave entrepreneurially as a professional, even if we work for the government. In that setting entrepreneurship means contributing innovatively and creatively to the organizations we work for. Vision does not depend on the work place, it depends on care, hard work and positive thinking. I learned most of what I know now from the companies, both the small and the big, that hired me when I was fi rst out in the work force.
Second, many young people get inspired by legendary (and exceptional!) entrepreneurs who made it with little academic background. But instead of learning why these entrepreneurs are successful, we too often mistakenly focus on what they did not have, a good education.
The exception doesn?t make the rule, so education, when we can get a good one, is still the most important factor. Legendary entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson or our own Pak Bob Sadino, say the same. Even though they didn?t hop through the schooling hoops, they were no less prepared than those with degrees, because they ? this is crucial ? never stopped learning. By the same token those who get the chance to study at top universities who are there just to get that piece of paper, not for the learning, are starving their own potential. Good education is a function of positive learning mindset and attitude, and schooling is the easiest toolkit for any budding entrepreneur to employ.
Next, entrepreneurship is not about earning to meet our needs; we do not live solely for ourselves. We live and work for the people we love and those who love us. I often see friends quit their jobs because they get tired of working for somebody else, and they lose the vision and purpose to give more and better for their family. That is selfish, unwise, and not what entrepreneurship is all about.
Entrepreneurship requires wisdom, not just blind intuition. It is not about being a richer man or woman but about becoming a better person, a better human being.
Lastly, entrepreneurship is the polar opposite of luck. You know luck, its ?the excuse that lets ? us wait for our ship to come in, and the waiting makes us all the poorer. I like the old saying ? Luck happens to those who are most prepared when opportunity strikes?.
In the end, entrepreneurship is more about doing than about talking about doing. I want to share one take-away from my own experience as an entrepreneur: ?If we aren’t having fun, we are not ? doing it right?.
Sandiaga Uno
Enterprise Asia dubbed Sandiaga Uno Entrepreneur of the Year for 2008. Together with business owner Edwin Soeryadjaya, he founded the investment company Saratoga Capital, which offers investment advice in mining, telecommunications, forestry and other sectors. He has chaired the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association since 2005.
Source: The Jakarta Post
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/01/07/ entrepreneurship-more-just-selfemployment.html
Sandiaga Uno
Wed, 01/07/2009 4:04 PM
Four years ago I wrote an article, ?Wealth is a mindset, so is entrepreneurship?, which was published at The Jakarta Post. The gist of that piece was that an authentic and effective entrepreneur was not someone who just had a talent and ran with it. Neither was entrepreneurship about what you do or for whom. It stems from what you think of yourself.
We make assumptions about wealth. For instance, pursuing it means accumulating its symbols, such as money or assets. That ? a confining assumption. Being a wealthy person is actually about knowing what we can do and getting the most out of that capacity. When we think of wealth this way, we look for the most in ourselves and from ourselves and, like as not, end up achieving beyond what we thought was possible.
Now, four years on, entrepreneurship has become a viral idea, spreading to everyone it touches. But I am seeing some fundamental misunderstandings abut it, especially among young people. Mistakes happen when any fad spreads rapidly, so misunderstandings are, well, understandable. But addressing these misunderstandings is still a priority.
First, I want to set the record straight and warn the younger generation. All you newly employed college graduates, we don?t become entrepreneurs simply by leaving our current jobs or, for that matter, our present bosses. We can still behave entrepreneurially as a professional, even if we work for the government. In that setting entrepreneurship means contributing innovatively and creatively to the organizations we work for. Vision does not depend on the work place, it depends on care, hard work and positive thinking. I learned most of what I know now from the companies, both the small and the big, that hired me when I was fi rst out in the work force.
Second, many young people get inspired by legendary (and exceptional!) entrepreneurs who made it with little academic background. But instead of learning why these entrepreneurs are successful, we too often mistakenly focus on what they did not have, a good education.
The exception doesn?t make the rule, so education, when we can get a good one, is still the most important factor. Legendary entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson or our own Pak Bob Sadino, say the same. Even though they didn?t hop through the schooling hoops, they were no less prepared than those with degrees, because they ? this is crucial ? never stopped learning. By the same token those who get the chance to study at top universities who are there just to get that piece of paper, not for the learning, are starving their own potential. Good education is a function of positive learning mindset and attitude, and schooling is the easiest toolkit for any budding entrepreneur to employ.
Next, entrepreneurship is not about earning to meet our needs; we do not live solely for ourselves. We live and work for the people we love and those who love us. I often see friends quit their jobs because they get tired of working for somebody else, and they lose the vision and purpose to give more and better for their family. That is selfish, unwise, and not what entrepreneurship is all about.
Entrepreneurship requires wisdom, not just blind intuition. It is not about being a richer man or woman but about becoming a better person, a better human being.
Lastly, entrepreneurship is the polar opposite of luck. You know luck, its ?the excuse that lets ? us wait for our ship to come in, and the waiting makes us all the poorer. I like the old saying ? Luck happens to those who are most prepared when opportunity strikes?.
In the end, entrepreneurship is more about doing than about talking about doing. I want to share one take-away from my own experience as an entrepreneur: ?If we aren’t having fun, we are not ? doing it right?.
Sandiaga Uno
Enterprise Asia dubbed Sandiaga Uno Entrepreneur of the Year for 2008. Together with business owner Edwin Soeryadjaya, he founded the investment company Saratoga Capital, which offers investment advice in mining, telecommunications, forestry and other sectors. He has chaired the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association since 2005.
Source: The Jakarta Post
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/01/07/ entrepreneurship-more-just-selfemployment.html
EXERCISE 11 - 18
EXERCISE 11 Page 186
1. (c ) The subject (of the lectures) was quite interesting.
2. ( I ) The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed.
3. ( I ) The chairs (under the table in the dining room) is quite comfortable.
4. ( c ) The players (on the winning team in the competition) put forth a lot of effort.
5. ( I ) The food for the guests (at the party) are on the long tables.
6. ( c ) The cost of the clothes (was higher )than I had expected.
7. ( c ) He rugs (in the front rooms of the house) are going to be washed today.
8. ( I ) The waiters and waitresses (in this restaurant) always serves the food efficiently.
9. ( c ) The lights (in the corner of the room) need to be kept on all night.
10. ( c ) The meeting (of the members of the council )begins at 3:00 in the afternoon.
EXERCISE 12 Page 187
1. (c ) Half of the students in the class arrive early.
2. ( I ) Some of the fruit are rotten.
3. ( I ) All of the next chapter contains very important information.
4. ( I ) Most of the people in the room is paying attention.
5. ( c ) Part of the soup is left on the stove.
6. ( I ) Some of the movie were just too violent for me.
7. ( c ) All of the details in the report needs to be checked.
8. ( c ) Most of the money is needed to pay the bills.
9. ( I ) The first half of the class consist of lecture and note-taking.
10. ( I) Some of the questions on the test was impossible to answer.
EXERCISE 13 Page 188
1. ( I ) Anybody are welcome at the party.
2. ( c ) No one here is afraid of skydiving.
3. ( I ) Everyone in the world needs love and respect.
4. ( I ) Someone have to clean up the house.
5. ( c ) Each plant in the garden appear healthy and strong.
6. ( c ) You should understand that anything is possible.
7. ( I ) Everything in the salad are good for you.
8. ( I ) Nobody in the class have completed the assignment on time.
9. ( I ) I am sure that every detail have been considered.
10. ( c ) Everybody know the rules, but somebody is not following them.
EXERCISE (Skill 11 – 13) Page 189
1. ( c ) The receptionist in the entryway to the offices is able to answer your questions.
2. ( c ) All of the information in the documents are important.
3. ( c ) Anyone in one of the classes has to take the final exam.
4. ( I ) The coordinator of community services are arranging the program.
5. ( I ) Most of the car are covered with mud.
6. ( c ) Nothing more is going to be completed today.
7. ( I ) The drinks in the pitchers on the table in the ballroom is for everyone.
8. ( I ) Everybody were told to be here at 8:00. But somebody is not here.
9. ( c ) Some of the meetings at the conference are limited to ten participants.
10. ( I ) The sauce on the vegetables in the yellow bowl taste really delicious.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 11 – 13) Page 189
1. < C > Nobody (A. know ) when the (B. process ) of glass-making ( C. was) (D. invented).
2. < B > Sugars (A. Like) glucose (B. is) (C. made) (D. up of carbon) , hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
3. < C > Part of the electricity (A. used) in the United States (B. today) (C. come) from hydroelectric (D. sources).
4. < B > The languages of the world (A. presents) a vast (B. array) of structural (C. similiarities) and (D. differences).
5. < A > The rise of multinationals(A. have) (B. resulted) in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals (C. can ) (D. operate) in so many jurisdictions.
6. < B > All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States(A. has) even (B. numbers) , while north-south interstate highways(C. are) (D. odd-numbered).
7. < C > (A. When) a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud (B .exploded) in 1987, a wave of neutrinos (C. Were ) (D. Detected) on Earth.
8. < A > Some of the agricultural (A. practices) (B. used) today (C. is ) responsible for (D. fostering) desertification.
9. < B > Every open space in the (A. targeted) area that (B. has) grass and a few bushes (C. are) (D. occupied) by he white-crowned sparrow.
10. < A > Krakatoa (A. is remembered) as the volcano that (B. put) so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world (C. was affected) for two years (D. afterward).
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1 – 13) Page 190
1. ( D. Pitctograms constitute ) The earliest system of writing.
2. At temperatures( A. approach ) absolute zero, substances posses minimal energy.
3. The Earth’s one-year revolution around the Sun changes how( B. the fall of sunlight) on one hemisphere or the other.
4. Though sporadic interest in regional dialects( A. has existed ) for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studied did not take place until the nineteenth century.
5. < D > (A. The) waters (B. of the) Chattahoochee (C. River) (D. fills) Lake Lanier.
6. < B > The first set of (A. false teeth) similar to those in use today (B. it) (C. was) (D. made) in France in the 1780s.
7. < B > The term “Yankee” (A. was) originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States (B. are) (C. referred) (D. to as ) a Yankee.
8. < A > A network of small arteries, mostly(A. sandwiched) between the skin and the
(B. underlying) muscles, (C. supply) (D. blood) to the face and scalp.
9. < C > Mesquite (A. is) a (B. small) tree in the Southwest (C. who) can (D. withstand ) the severest drought.
10. < B > At the (A. end) of the Revolution, most of the army units of the young nation (B. was) almost entirely (C. disbanded) ,(D. leaving) a total national military force of eighty men in 17894.
EXERCISE 14 [Page 192]
1. ( I ) The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite deliciously.
2. (C) You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser, or in the jar.
3. ( I ) The living room was decorated with expensive paintings and elegance lamps.
4. ( I ) He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get a job.
5. ( C ) All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing, sledding, or played in the snow.
6. ( C ) The car needs new tires but not a new engine.
7. ( I ) He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when he has finished.
8. ( C ) To get to office, you should go through this door, turn to the left, and continuation down the hall.
9. ( C ) For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate cake, or butter cookies.
10. ( I ) The sick needs some medicine, some juice and to rest.
EXERCISE 15 [Page 194]
1. ( I ) He either lied or telling an unbelieveable story.
2. ( C ) The music at the concert was neither well played nor well liked.
3. ( I ) He regularly studies both in the morning or in the evening.
4. ( I ) The play that we saw last night was not only rather delightful but also quite meaningful.
5. ( C ) He married her neither for her ability to cook nor her ability to clean house.
6. ( C ) The discussion was both exciting and interest.
7. ( C ) He withdrew all the money not only from the checking account but also from the savings account.
8. ( I ) Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom.
9. ( I ) You can meet with me either in the next few minutes or at 04:00/
10. ( I ) Jhon is an adventurous person who enjoys not only skydiving but also goes parasailing.
EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) [Page 194]
1. ( C ) The advertisemenst appeared in the newspaper and on the radio.
2. ( C ) She is trained as both an accountant and in nursing.
3. ( I ) We can take either my car or yours to the party.
4. ( C ) The coffee is too hot, too bitter and too strength.
5. ( I ) He not only passed the test but also receiving the highest score in the class.
6. ( I ) Your ideas are neither more important or less important than the ideas of the others.
7. ( I ) The meeting lasted only an hour but still seeming too long.
8. ( C ) The novel was both emotional and description.
9. ( C ) Either the counselor or her secretary can help you with that problem.
10. ( C ) The leaves from the tree fell in the yard, in the pool, in the driveway, and on the sidewalk.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) [page 195]
1. < C > Ballpoint pens (A. are) less versatile (B .but) more (C. population) than fountain (D. pens).
2. < D > Riddles (A. vary ) (B. greatly) in booth grammatical and (C.phonology) (D. form).
3. < D > Blood pressure is (A. measured) by feeling the pulse and (B. apply) a (C. force) to the (D. arm).
4. < D > The Moon (A. has) no atmosphere, (B. no air) (C. and) no (D. watery).
5. < B > The first (A. matches) (B. were) too hard to ignite, (C. a mess) , or too(D. dangerously) easy to ignite.
6. < B > A 1971 U.S (A. government) policy not only put warnings on cigarette (B. packs) but also (C. banning) television (D. advertising) of cigarettes.
7. < B > (A. Demand), beauty, durability, (B. rare) and perfection of cutting (C. determine) the ( D. value ) of gemstone.
8. < D > The Harvard Yard, (A. which) was Harvad’s (B. original) campus, is still a (C. major) attraction for both students and (D. visiting).
9. < C > (A. In) 1862, the American Confederacy (B. raised) the Merrimack, renamed it Virginia covered it with iron (C. plates) and an (D. outfit) it with ten guns.
10. < C > The liquid crystals in a (A.display) (LCD)(B. affect) the (C. polarized) light so that it is either blocked (D. and) reflected by the segments of the display.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (skills 1-15) [Page 196]
1. Most cells in multicelled organisms perform ( D. Specialization) function.
2. The big island of Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean ( B. it was created) by five volcanoes.
3. The Sun uses up four million tons of hydrogen per second ( C. but is ) still has enough hydrogen to last for the next five billion years.
4. For Katherine L. Bates, who ( A. reached ) the top of Pikes Peak in 1893, the view provided the inspiration for her hymn “America the Beautiful”
5. < C > Coal , petroleum (A. and) natural (B. gaseous) are (C. all) fossil (D. fuels)
6. < A > The mass of (A. neutron stars) generally (B. range) from one-tenth to (C. twice) the (D. mass) of the sun.
7. < D > Grasses (A. grow) in (B. ways) that help them to to (C. urvive) being nibbled , (D. chilly), or dried.
8. < B > Most of hemingway’s novels (A. glorifies) heroic (B. exploits) such as (C. bullfighting) or (D. boxing)
9. < D > Paleographers (A. study) ancient and (B. medieval) handwriting in order to (C. establish) not only its age (D. and) also its background.
10. < D > The sound (A. produced) by bullfrogs and toads (B. vary) greatly because each species (C. have) its own particular (D. call)
EXERCISE 16
1. ( I ) We have already hearing the good news .
2. ( C ) She has ridden her bicycle to school everyday .
3. ( I ) I have always belive you.
4. ( C ) He has find the missing car keys.
5. ( C ) They have put their money in a saving account.
6. ( C ) Their parents have allowed them to stay up late.
7.( C ) She has never ran away from home before.
8. ( I ) Have you ever saw a ghost ?
9. ( C ) They have taken three testa already this week.
10. ( I ) He has offer me a high-playing job.
EXERCISE 17
1. ( I ) She was study the textbooks all night long.
2. ( C ) The pie was cut into six equal pieces.
3. ( I ) Today the teacher is allow the students to leave class a few minutes early.
4. ( I ) The class is teach every other semester.
5. ( C ) Tom is bringing some drinks to the party.
6. ( C ) The sick child was taken to see a doctor.
7. ( I ) The children are swim in the backyard pool.
8. ( I ) The diamond jewelry is always keep in safe place.
9. ( C ) The teacher is preparing a difficult exam for the students.
10. ( I ) Dinner is served from 6:00 to 8: 00 .
EXERCISE 18
1. ( C ) You should try to respond politely.
2. ( I ) Everyone must leaves the room immediately.
3. ( I ) I could sat on the beach for hours.
4. ( I ) She will asking you many difficult questions.
5. ( C ) You can look at the book , but you cannot borrow it.
6. ( I ) He may lies to you because he is not very truthful.
7. ( I ) He knew that he would forgot the phone number.
8. ( I ) The weatherman said that it might snowing tonight.
9. ( I ) Perhaps we could bought a new car this year.
10. ( C ) This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.
EXERCISE ( 16-18 )
1. ( C ) We have became good friends in the last year.
2. ( C ) Your name will be list in the new directory.
3. ( I ) The new movie is receive good reviews.
4. ( I ) She must have feel sorry about her bad behavior.
5. ( C ) They have always given their family many present.
6. ( C ) We may be taking a vacation next week.
7. ( C ) We could have taking a vacation last week.
8. ( I ) The package might had been deliver by an express mail service.
9. ( I ) I have not wrote very many letters to my friends.
10. ( C ) The car should not have be drive anymore yesterday.
TOEFL EXERCISE ( SKILLS 16 – 18)
1. < B > By the 1920, (A. many) radio (B. transmitters) (C. had) been (D. build)
2. < C > (A. Fish) (B. farming) has (C. rose) in the united states in (D. recent) years.
3. < C > In (A .areas) of volcanic activity,beach (B. sand) may (C. contains) dark minerals and (D.little) quarts.
4. < A > Cro-magnon man was (A. names) after the (B. caves) in southwest france where the first (C. remains) were (D. discovered)
5. < C > Lassies the famous collie who (A. made) her first (B. screen) appearance in 1943 , has always (C. be) (D. played) by a male dog.
6. < B > A blue bigwig lizard (A. stakes) out a (B. territory) and will (C. defending) females within it against (D. courting) males.
7. < A > President George Washington was (A. inaugurates) on the (B. steps) (C. of the) federal (D. building) in newyork city.
8. < C > (A. By) 1627 plymouth had (B. became) a viable and (C. growing) community of fifty families twenty – two goats , fifteen cows and (D. more than) fifty pigs.
9. < D > Tobacco (A. was) the crop on which the (B. eminence) of Williamsburg and the (C. prosperity) of Virginia were (D. base)
10. < D > Because there (A. may be) scores of genes in each suspect DNA region scientists must (B. identifying) and (C. sequence) the actual genes (D. contributing) to type I diabetes.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE ( SKILLS 1-18 )
1. ( D. the pacific ocean has ) the deepest valleys and canyons on the earth.
2. In the united states the participation of females in the labor force ( D. jumped ) from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.
3. Some composers such as Richard wagner have felt that ( B. interrupt arias ) the action of the opera too much and have written operas without them.
4. < C > Water (A. stored) behind a (B.dam) can (C. used) to (D. drive) turbines .
5. < D > Our universe may (A. continue) to (B. expand) as it (C. gets) colder , (D. empty) and deader.
6. < B > Every (A. form) of matter in the world (B. are) (C. made up) of (D. atoms)
7. < B > The (A. lens) and corner are (B. supply) with (C. nutrients) and oxygen by the (D. aqueous) fluid
8. Dodge city laid out in 1872 (A. owed) both its prosperity and its (B. famous) to the buffalo in (C. its) early (D. years)
9. < B > The amount of the (A. two kinds) of cholesterol in the blood (B.have) been (C. shown) to have an D. effect) on the risk of heart attack.
10. < C > By the time noah Webster (A. Reached) (B. his) mid-twenties he had already (C. publish) an (D. elementary) speller.
1. (c ) The subject (of the lectures) was quite interesting.
2. ( I ) The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed.
3. ( I ) The chairs (under the table in the dining room) is quite comfortable.
4. ( c ) The players (on the winning team in the competition) put forth a lot of effort.
5. ( I ) The food for the guests (at the party) are on the long tables.
6. ( c ) The cost of the clothes (was higher )than I had expected.
7. ( c ) He rugs (in the front rooms of the house) are going to be washed today.
8. ( I ) The waiters and waitresses (in this restaurant) always serves the food efficiently.
9. ( c ) The lights (in the corner of the room) need to be kept on all night.
10. ( c ) The meeting (of the members of the council )begins at 3:00 in the afternoon.
EXERCISE 12 Page 187
1. (c ) Half of the students in the class arrive early.
2. ( I ) Some of the fruit are rotten.
3. ( I ) All of the next chapter contains very important information.
4. ( I ) Most of the people in the room is paying attention.
5. ( c ) Part of the soup is left on the stove.
6. ( I ) Some of the movie were just too violent for me.
7. ( c ) All of the details in the report needs to be checked.
8. ( c ) Most of the money is needed to pay the bills.
9. ( I ) The first half of the class consist of lecture and note-taking.
10. ( I) Some of the questions on the test was impossible to answer.
EXERCISE 13 Page 188
1. ( I ) Anybody are welcome at the party.
2. ( c ) No one here is afraid of skydiving.
3. ( I ) Everyone in the world needs love and respect.
4. ( I ) Someone have to clean up the house.
5. ( c ) Each plant in the garden appear healthy and strong.
6. ( c ) You should understand that anything is possible.
7. ( I ) Everything in the salad are good for you.
8. ( I ) Nobody in the class have completed the assignment on time.
9. ( I ) I am sure that every detail have been considered.
10. ( c ) Everybody know the rules, but somebody is not following them.
EXERCISE (Skill 11 – 13) Page 189
1. ( c ) The receptionist in the entryway to the offices is able to answer your questions.
2. ( c ) All of the information in the documents are important.
3. ( c ) Anyone in one of the classes has to take the final exam.
4. ( I ) The coordinator of community services are arranging the program.
5. ( I ) Most of the car are covered with mud.
6. ( c ) Nothing more is going to be completed today.
7. ( I ) The drinks in the pitchers on the table in the ballroom is for everyone.
8. ( I ) Everybody were told to be here at 8:00. But somebody is not here.
9. ( c ) Some of the meetings at the conference are limited to ten participants.
10. ( I ) The sauce on the vegetables in the yellow bowl taste really delicious.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 11 – 13) Page 189
1. < C > Nobody (A. know ) when the (B. process ) of glass-making ( C. was) (D. invented).
2. < B > Sugars (A. Like) glucose (B. is) (C. made) (D. up of carbon) , hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
3. < C > Part of the electricity (A. used) in the United States (B. today) (C. come) from hydroelectric (D. sources).
4. < B > The languages of the world (A. presents) a vast (B. array) of structural (C. similiarities) and (D. differences).
5. < A > The rise of multinationals(A. have) (B. resulted) in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals (C. can ) (D. operate) in so many jurisdictions.
6. < B > All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States(A. has) even (B. numbers) , while north-south interstate highways(C. are) (D. odd-numbered).
7. < C > (A. When) a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud (B .exploded) in 1987, a wave of neutrinos (C. Were ) (D. Detected) on Earth.
8. < A > Some of the agricultural (A. practices) (B. used) today (C. is ) responsible for (D. fostering) desertification.
9. < B > Every open space in the (A. targeted) area that (B. has) grass and a few bushes (C. are) (D. occupied) by he white-crowned sparrow.
10. < A > Krakatoa (A. is remembered) as the volcano that (B. put) so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world (C. was affected) for two years (D. afterward).
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1 – 13) Page 190
1. ( D. Pitctograms constitute ) The earliest system of writing.
2. At temperatures( A. approach ) absolute zero, substances posses minimal energy.
3. The Earth’s one-year revolution around the Sun changes how( B. the fall of sunlight) on one hemisphere or the other.
4. Though sporadic interest in regional dialects( A. has existed ) for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studied did not take place until the nineteenth century.
5. < D > (A. The) waters (B. of the) Chattahoochee (C. River) (D. fills) Lake Lanier.
6. < B > The first set of (A. false teeth) similar to those in use today (B. it) (C. was) (D. made) in France in the 1780s.
7. < B > The term “Yankee” (A. was) originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States (B. are) (C. referred) (D. to as ) a Yankee.
8. < A > A network of small arteries, mostly(A. sandwiched) between the skin and the
(B. underlying) muscles, (C. supply) (D. blood) to the face and scalp.
9. < C > Mesquite (A. is) a (B. small) tree in the Southwest (C. who) can (D. withstand ) the severest drought.
10. < B > At the (A. end) of the Revolution, most of the army units of the young nation (B. was) almost entirely (C. disbanded) ,(D. leaving) a total national military force of eighty men in 17894.
EXERCISE 14 [Page 192]
1. ( I ) The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite deliciously.
2. (C) You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser, or in the jar.
3. ( I ) The living room was decorated with expensive paintings and elegance lamps.
4. ( I ) He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get a job.
5. ( C ) All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing, sledding, or played in the snow.
6. ( C ) The car needs new tires but not a new engine.
7. ( I ) He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when he has finished.
8. ( C ) To get to office, you should go through this door, turn to the left, and continuation down the hall.
9. ( C ) For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate cake, or butter cookies.
10. ( I ) The sick needs some medicine, some juice and to rest.
EXERCISE 15 [Page 194]
1. ( I ) He either lied or telling an unbelieveable story.
2. ( C ) The music at the concert was neither well played nor well liked.
3. ( I ) He regularly studies both in the morning or in the evening.
4. ( I ) The play that we saw last night was not only rather delightful but also quite meaningful.
5. ( C ) He married her neither for her ability to cook nor her ability to clean house.
6. ( C ) The discussion was both exciting and interest.
7. ( C ) He withdrew all the money not only from the checking account but also from the savings account.
8. ( I ) Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom.
9. ( I ) You can meet with me either in the next few minutes or at 04:00/
10. ( I ) Jhon is an adventurous person who enjoys not only skydiving but also goes parasailing.
EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) [Page 194]
1. ( C ) The advertisemenst appeared in the newspaper and on the radio.
2. ( C ) She is trained as both an accountant and in nursing.
3. ( I ) We can take either my car or yours to the party.
4. ( C ) The coffee is too hot, too bitter and too strength.
5. ( I ) He not only passed the test but also receiving the highest score in the class.
6. ( I ) Your ideas are neither more important or less important than the ideas of the others.
7. ( I ) The meeting lasted only an hour but still seeming too long.
8. ( C ) The novel was both emotional and description.
9. ( C ) Either the counselor or her secretary can help you with that problem.
10. ( C ) The leaves from the tree fell in the yard, in the pool, in the driveway, and on the sidewalk.
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) [page 195]
1. < C > Ballpoint pens (A. are) less versatile (B .but) more (C. population) than fountain (D. pens).
2. < D > Riddles (A. vary ) (B. greatly) in booth grammatical and (C.phonology) (D. form).
3. < D > Blood pressure is (A. measured) by feeling the pulse and (B. apply) a (C. force) to the (D. arm).
4. < D > The Moon (A. has) no atmosphere, (B. no air) (C. and) no (D. watery).
5. < B > The first (A. matches) (B. were) too hard to ignite, (C. a mess) , or too(D. dangerously) easy to ignite.
6. < B > A 1971 U.S (A. government) policy not only put warnings on cigarette (B. packs) but also (C. banning) television (D. advertising) of cigarettes.
7. < B > (A. Demand), beauty, durability, (B. rare) and perfection of cutting (C. determine) the ( D. value ) of gemstone.
8. < D > The Harvard Yard, (A. which) was Harvad’s (B. original) campus, is still a (C. major) attraction for both students and (D. visiting).
9. < C > (A. In) 1862, the American Confederacy (B. raised) the Merrimack, renamed it Virginia covered it with iron (C. plates) and an (D. outfit) it with ten guns.
10. < C > The liquid crystals in a (A.display) (LCD)(B. affect) the (C. polarized) light so that it is either blocked (D. and) reflected by the segments of the display.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (skills 1-15) [Page 196]
1. Most cells in multicelled organisms perform ( D. Specialization) function.
2. The big island of Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean ( B. it was created) by five volcanoes.
3. The Sun uses up four million tons of hydrogen per second ( C. but is ) still has enough hydrogen to last for the next five billion years.
4. For Katherine L. Bates, who ( A. reached ) the top of Pikes Peak in 1893, the view provided the inspiration for her hymn “America the Beautiful”
5. < C > Coal , petroleum (A. and) natural (B. gaseous) are (C. all) fossil (D. fuels)
6. < A > The mass of (A. neutron stars) generally (B. range) from one-tenth to (C. twice) the (D. mass) of the sun.
7. < D > Grasses (A. grow) in (B. ways) that help them to to (C. urvive) being nibbled , (D. chilly), or dried.
8. < B > Most of hemingway’s novels (A. glorifies) heroic (B. exploits) such as (C. bullfighting) or (D. boxing)
9. < D > Paleographers (A. study) ancient and (B. medieval) handwriting in order to (C. establish) not only its age (D. and) also its background.
10. < D > The sound (A. produced) by bullfrogs and toads (B. vary) greatly because each species (C. have) its own particular (D. call)
EXERCISE 16
1. ( I ) We have already hearing the good news .
2. ( C ) She has ridden her bicycle to school everyday .
3. ( I ) I have always belive you.
4. ( C ) He has find the missing car keys.
5. ( C ) They have put their money in a saving account.
6. ( C ) Their parents have allowed them to stay up late.
7.( C ) She has never ran away from home before.
8. ( I ) Have you ever saw a ghost ?
9. ( C ) They have taken three testa already this week.
10. ( I ) He has offer me a high-playing job.
EXERCISE 17
1. ( I ) She was study the textbooks all night long.
2. ( C ) The pie was cut into six equal pieces.
3. ( I ) Today the teacher is allow the students to leave class a few minutes early.
4. ( I ) The class is teach every other semester.
5. ( C ) Tom is bringing some drinks to the party.
6. ( C ) The sick child was taken to see a doctor.
7. ( I ) The children are swim in the backyard pool.
8. ( I ) The diamond jewelry is always keep in safe place.
9. ( C ) The teacher is preparing a difficult exam for the students.
10. ( I ) Dinner is served from 6:00 to 8: 00 .
EXERCISE 18
1. ( C ) You should try to respond politely.
2. ( I ) Everyone must leaves the room immediately.
3. ( I ) I could sat on the beach for hours.
4. ( I ) She will asking you many difficult questions.
5. ( C ) You can look at the book , but you cannot borrow it.
6. ( I ) He may lies to you because he is not very truthful.
7. ( I ) He knew that he would forgot the phone number.
8. ( I ) The weatherman said that it might snowing tonight.
9. ( I ) Perhaps we could bought a new car this year.
10. ( C ) This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.
EXERCISE ( 16-18 )
1. ( C ) We have became good friends in the last year.
2. ( C ) Your name will be list in the new directory.
3. ( I ) The new movie is receive good reviews.
4. ( I ) She must have feel sorry about her bad behavior.
5. ( C ) They have always given their family many present.
6. ( C ) We may be taking a vacation next week.
7. ( C ) We could have taking a vacation last week.
8. ( I ) The package might had been deliver by an express mail service.
9. ( I ) I have not wrote very many letters to my friends.
10. ( C ) The car should not have be drive anymore yesterday.
TOEFL EXERCISE ( SKILLS 16 – 18)
1. < B > By the 1920, (A. many) radio (B. transmitters) (C. had) been (D. build)
2. < C > (A. Fish) (B. farming) has (C. rose) in the united states in (D. recent) years.
3. < C > In (A .areas) of volcanic activity,beach (B. sand) may (C. contains) dark minerals and (D.little) quarts.
4. < A > Cro-magnon man was (A. names) after the (B. caves) in southwest france where the first (C. remains) were (D. discovered)
5. < C > Lassies the famous collie who (A. made) her first (B. screen) appearance in 1943 , has always (C. be) (D. played) by a male dog.
6. < B > A blue bigwig lizard (A. stakes) out a (B. territory) and will (C. defending) females within it against (D. courting) males.
7. < A > President George Washington was (A. inaugurates) on the (B. steps) (C. of the) federal (D. building) in newyork city.
8. < C > (A. By) 1627 plymouth had (B. became) a viable and (C. growing) community of fifty families twenty – two goats , fifteen cows and (D. more than) fifty pigs.
9. < D > Tobacco (A. was) the crop on which the (B. eminence) of Williamsburg and the (C. prosperity) of Virginia were (D. base)
10. < D > Because there (A. may be) scores of genes in each suspect DNA region scientists must (B. identifying) and (C. sequence) the actual genes (D. contributing) to type I diabetes.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE ( SKILLS 1-18 )
1. ( D. the pacific ocean has ) the deepest valleys and canyons on the earth.
2. In the united states the participation of females in the labor force ( D. jumped ) from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.
3. Some composers such as Richard wagner have felt that ( B. interrupt arias ) the action of the opera too much and have written operas without them.
4. < C > Water (A. stored) behind a (B.dam) can (C. used) to (D. drive) turbines .
5. < D > Our universe may (A. continue) to (B. expand) as it (C. gets) colder , (D. empty) and deader.
6. < B > Every (A. form) of matter in the world (B. are) (C. made up) of (D. atoms)
7. < B > The (A. lens) and corner are (B. supply) with (C. nutrients) and oxygen by the (D. aqueous) fluid
8.
9. < B > The amount of the (A. two kinds) of cholesterol in the blood (B.have) been (C. shown) to have an D. effect) on the risk of heart attack.
10. < C > By the time noah Webster (A. Reached) (B. his) mid-twenties he had already (C. publish) an (D. elementary) speller.
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